2)sudo port update outdated
3)sudo port install php5-pcntl
4)Try the following example
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if($pid) {
// parent process runs what is here
print "parent\n";
}
else {
// child process runs what is here
print "child\n";
}
?>
Friday, October 23, 2009
Tuesday, June 09, 2009
Init script to mount EBS and attach elastic IPs to EC2 instances
Modified init script to mount EBS automatically to your EC2 instances. It also dynamically attaches your instances to an elastic ip. You have to provide both EBS volume id and elastic ip as userdata separated by pipe symbol for this script to work. Sample userdata
vol-12345678|171.213.234.123
You have to use
update-rc.d mountec2vol start 47 S . stop 35 0 6 . start 37 6 .
to add this script to startup. This script also additional code to mount mysql data directory and nginx directories from EBS. You can skip that part.
#! /bin/sh
#
# /etc/init.d/mountec2vol
#
# chkconfig: 234 20 50
# description: Assigns an EC2 EBS Volume to a device and mounts the device
#
# To add this as a service run:
# /sbin/chkconfig --add mountec2vol
#
# VARS
#
DEV="/dev/sdh"
MOUNT_POINT="/vol"
EC2_LOG='/var/log/ec2.log';
SELF=$(cd $(dirname $0); pwd -P)/$(basename $0)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.13/
export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=/root/.ec2/pk.pem
export EC2_CERT=/root/.ec2/cert.pem
export EC2_HOME=/usr/local/src/ec2-api-tools-1.3-36506/
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$EC2_HOME/bin
MAX_TRIES=60
attach_ebs()
{
/bin/echo "=====================================" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/echo "Date: "`date` | tee -a $EC2_LOG;
/bin/echo "Attaching Elastic Block Store Volumes." | tee -a $EC2_LOG
ec2-attach-volume $VOL -i $INSTANCE -d $DEV 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
CTR=0
while [ ! -e "$DEV" ]; do
/bin/sleep 1
CTR=`expr $CTR + 1`
if [ $CTR -eq $MAX_TRIES ]
then
/bin/echo "WARNING: Cannot attach volume $VOL to $DEV -- Giving up after $MAX_TRIES attempts" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
exit 1
fi
done
}
mount_ebs()
{
/bin/echo "Checking if $MOUNT_POINT is present" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
if [ ! -d $MOUNT_POINT ]; then
mkdir $MOUNT_POINT 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
fi
/bin/echo "Mounting EBS to /vol " | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/mount $DEV $MOUNT_POINT 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
mount_mysql_dirs()
{
/bin/echo "Mounting mysql dirs" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/mount /etc/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
/bin/mount /var/lib/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
/bin/mount /var/log/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
/bin/mount /usr/local/nginx/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
unmount_mysql_dirs()
{
set +e;
/bin/echo "stopping mysql" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/etc/init.d/mysql stop;
set -e;
/bin/echo "Unmounting mysql dirs" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/umount /etc/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
/bin/umount /var/lib/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
/bin/umount /var/log/mysql/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
unmount_nginx_dirs()
{
set +e;
/bin/echo "stopping nginx" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/etc/init.d/nginx stop;
set -e;
/bin/echo "Unmounting nginx dirs" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/umount /usr/local/nginx/ 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
unmount_ebs()
{
/bin/echo "Unmounting Elastic Block Store Volumes." | tee -a $EC2_LOG
/bin/umount $MOUNT_POINT 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
detach_ebs()
{
/bin/echo "Detaching Elastic Block Store Volumes." | tee -a $EC2_LOG
ec2-detach-volume $VOL 1>&2 2>>$EC2_LOG
}
populate_aws_data()
{
/bin/echo "Populating AWS data" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
INSTANCE=`curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id 2> /dev/null`
USERDATA=`curl http://169.254.169.254/1.0/user-data 2>/dev/null`;
}
parse_user_args()
{
/bin/echo "Parsing user_args " | tee -a $EC2_LOG
VOL=${USERDATA%|*};
IP=${USERDATA#*|};
echo "usedata vol ip";
echo $USERDATA;
echo $VOL;
echo $IP;
}
bind_ip()
{
/bin/echo "Associating ip address: $IP to $INSTANCE" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
ec2-associate-address -i $INSTANCE $IP;
}
# start/stop functions for OS
case "$1" in
start)
populate_aws_data;
parse_user_args;
bind_ip;
attach_ebs;
mount_ebs;
mount_mysql_dirs;
sh -x /vol/ec2_stuff/everytime_by_mountec2.sh;
;;
stop)
unmount_mysql_dirs;
unmount_nginx_dirs;
unmount_ebs;
detach_ebs;
;;
restart)
set +e;
$SELF stop;
set -e;
sleep 60;
$SELF start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}" | tee -a $EC2_LOG
exit 1
esac
exit 0
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
Auto Mounting EBS on EC2
I assume that you have already created a EC2 instance (On top of your custom AMI), EBS volume (both in the same availability zone) . Below are some instructions to automount EBS on EC2.
AutoMount Init Script
===========================
http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/thread.jspa?threadID=25071&start=0&tstart=0
1)apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-bin sun-java6-source
2)cd /usr/local/src/
3)wget http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/servlet/JiveServlet/download/30-25071-102530-2022/mountec2vol
4)wget http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-api-tools.zip
unzip ec2-api-tools.zip
5)edit mountec2vol
set JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.13/ or equivalent
set EC2_PRIVATE_KEY EC2_CERT
set EC2_HOME=/usr/local/src/ec2-api-tools-1.3-36506/
set VOL and DEV
6)cp mountec2vol /etc/init.d/
7)chmod +x /etc/init.d/mountec2vol
8)test mountec2vol
/etc/init.d/mountec2vol start
/etc/init.d/mountec2vol stop
9)update-rc.d mountec2vol start 15 2 3 4 5 . start 47 S . start 35 0 1 6 .
10)Bundle the new image
ec2-bundle-vol -d /mnt -k /mnt/pk-balbal.pem -c /mnt/cert-balhbalh.pem -u userid -r i386 -p automountingebs
11)upload the new image
ec2-upload-bundle --url https://s3.amazonaws.com/subdir/ -b yourbucket -m /mnt/automountingebs.xml -a accessid -s yoursecret
12)register image
ec2-register yourbucket /subdir/automountingebs.xml
Some additional info to create EBS
=========================
On local machine
================
ec2-create-volume -z us-east-1c -s 10
ec2-describe-volumes vol-VVVV1111
ec2-attach-volume -d /dev/sdh -i i-IIII1111 vol-VVVV1111
On EC2 Instance
===============
apt-get install -y xfsprogs
modprobe xfs
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdh
echo "/dev/sdh /vol xfs noatime 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mkdir /vol
mount /vol
http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1663
AutoMount
=========
http://www.ioncannon.net/system-administration/199/automounting-amazon-ebs-volumes-on-ec2-instances/
Monday, May 25, 2009
Nginx + PHPFPM + Memcache + Mysql + XCache + Monit + Logrotate
Step by Step
============
1)install debian (in case of EC2 - grab a public debian image and create a instance using it)
2)apt-get update
3)apt-get install openssh-server
4)apt-get install vim screen rsync rcconf telnet emacs locate unzip
5)set up .bashrc and .vimrc
6)apt-get install sysstat subversion sudo
7)add new users and configure sudo
8)aptitude install postfix
9)apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
10) mysql_secure_installation
11)aptitude install build-essential libtool libltdl3-dev libgd-dev libmcrypt-dev libxml2-dev libmysqlclient15-dev flex m4 awk automake autoconf bison make libbz2-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev re2c
12)install php with fpm, curl, mysql
Install PHP with FPM, CURL, Mysql etc
=============
1)sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev(if 4 is not found, intall libcurl3-openssol-dev)
2)sudo apt-get install libjpeg62
3)sudo apt-get install libjpeg62-dev
4)sudo apt-get install libpng12-dev
5)cd /usr/local/src/
6)wget http://in.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.8.tar.bz2
7)wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
8)gunzip php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
9)tar -jxvpf php-5.2.8.tar.bz2
10)patch -d php-5.2.8 -p1 <>
11)./configure --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-zlib --enable-mbstring --with-openssl --with-mysql --with-mysql-sock --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib --enable-gd-native-ttf --without-sqlite --disable-pdo --disable-reflection --with-curl --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config
9)make
9)make test
Test whether both mysql and mysqli are supported
10)sudo make install
13)vi /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
:63
www-data
:66
www-data
You may want to add: /usr/local/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
14)install xcache
Install XCahce
=============
1)wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
2)tar -zxvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
3)cd xcache-1.2.2
4)phpize
5)./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config --enable-xcache
6)make install
15)install nginx
Install Nginx
==============
1)wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.36.tar.gz
2)tar xzvf nginx
3)cd nginx
4)./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin --with-http_ssl_module --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module
5)make
6)make install
16)configure nginx
Configure Nginx
==============
1)cd /usr/local/nginx/
2)vi conf/nginx.conf
read for more details
http://www.yawn.it/2008/04/30/nginx-php-php-fpm-on-debian-etch-40/
Enable forwarding php requests to php-fpm by uncommenting the handling of .php files
edit fastcgi_param as follows
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
https://calomel.org/nginx.html
http://articles.slicehost.com/2008/5/15/ubuntu-hardy-nginx-configuration
http://articles.slicehost.com/2008/5/16/ubuntu-hardy-nginx-virtual-hosts
3)change log format to include response time
http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpUpstreamModule#.24upstream_response_time
17)configure xcache
Configure XCache
================
1)vi /usr/local/lib/php.ini
add the following contents
magic_quotes_gpc=0
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache]
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.size = 64M
date.timezone = “Europe/Rome”
default_charset = “utf-8″
18)install memcache extension for php
Install Memcache extension for php
===================================
compile php with memcache support
http://www.mail-archive.com/php-install@lists.php.net/msg15223.html
1)wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
2)tar -zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
3)cd memcache-2.2.5
4)phpize
5)./configure
6)make && make test
7)$ sudo make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/
8)vi /usr/local/lib/php.ini
Add the following to php.ini
extension=memcache.so
display_startup_errors = On
extension_dir = "/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
9)run memcache test case in genlib/testcases/basic_memcache.php
19)test nginx - add init scripts
Test nginx add init.d scripts
=======================================
1)nginx
2)php-fpm start
3)create a info.php file and test it.
4)sudo kill `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
5)add init.d scripts - follow instructions in
http://articles.slicehost.com/2007/10/19/debian-etch-adding-an-nginx-init-script/
20)test php-fpm - add init script
Test php-fpm add init.d scripts
===============================
1)cd /etc/init.d/
2)ln -s /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm php-fpm
3)/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f php-fpm defaults
21)optimize
optimize
=======
Find out the number of connections to phpfpm from nginx
$netstat -np | grep 127.0.0.1:9000 | grep -v TIME_WAIT
set appropraite value for variables in php-fpm.conf
set request_terminate_timeout to 10s
set request_slowlog_timeout to 6s
set user and group to www-data
set max_children to 20
perform ab testing and optimize worker_processes, worker_connections in nginx and max_children in php-fpm.conf
22)add logrotate scripts for nginx,php-fpm
logrotate scripts
================
1)create logroate conf for nginx and php-fpm - copy logroate files from conf_files dir
2)add entries for nginx and php-fpm logrotation at /etc/cron.daily/logrotate (not needed if /etc/logrotate.d is included in the logrotate.conf files, just make sure logrotate is called daily)
23)fine tune php-fpm.conf - enable slow query - set max execution time
24)fine tune mysql - enable slow query - log queries that don't use index
25)check if query cache is turned on in mysql - optimize it
Optimize Query Cache in mysql
============================
1) show variables like 'query%';
2) show status like 'qc%';
http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql-query-cache.html
26)install monit
Monit
=====
1)apt-get install monit
2)vim /etc/monit/monitrc - configure it
3)create /etc/monit/monit.d directory - add sshd,nginx monit config files here
4)add include /etc/monit/monit.d/* option in /etc/monit/monitrc
3)monit -t
4)vim /etc/default/monit set startup=1
5)test monit
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